The Sabrina Foundation
Health Information
What is Sickle Cell Disease?
Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited blood condition affecting millions worldwide — and in Tanzania, its most dangerous complication is Sickle Stroke.
Important: This page provides general health information only. It is not medical advice. If you or your child shows signs of a medical emergency, seek medical care immediately. Do not delay in contacting a doctor or hospital.
What is Sickle Cell Disease?
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder where red blood cells become rigid, sticky, and shaped like a crescent (or "sickle"). Unlike normal round blood cells that move easily through blood vessels, sickled cells can block blood flow, causing pain, organ damage, and life-threatening complications.
SCD is among the most common serious genetic conditions in sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania.
What is Sickle Stroke?
A stroke occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or interrupted. Children with Sickle Cell Disease are at a significantly higher risk of stroke than the general population — this is called Sickle Stroke.
Sickle Stroke can happen with little warning and cause permanent brain damage or death if not treated immediately. Early screening and awareness are critical — they save lives.
Why Children?
Sickle Stroke disproportionately affects children. Without screening and preventive treatment, approximately 11% of children with SCD will have a stroke before age 20. With early screening and appropriate care, many strokes can be prevented.
The FAST Warning Signs
If you see any of these signs, act immediately — every second counts:
Face Drooping
One side of the face is drooping or numb. Ask the person to smile — is their smile uneven?
Arm Weakness
One arm is weak or numb. Ask the person to raise both arms — does one drift downward?
Speech Difficulty
Speech is slurred, strange, or the person cannot speak. Ask them to repeat a simple sentence.
Time to Seek Help
Call emergency services or go to the nearest hospital immediately. Do not wait.
This information is for awareness only. Always seek medical care immediately if you suspect a stroke. Time is critical — every minute without treatment increases the risk of permanent damage.
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